Tag Archives: advertising

4 More Sneaky Tricks That Influence Your Decisions

mind-control

1. Blatant Indicators of Positive Reputation Beat Subtle Luxury

Consider a face-off between the Toyota Prius and… a stylish Lexus.

Even Lucifer Himself couldn’t make me drive a dorky Prius.

But a recent split-test between these 2 cars revealed that when shopping in public, people are willing to spend more on a product they don’t really want as long as it makes them look like positive contributors to the greater good of society.

When the whole world’s looking (and can see the “green” eco-conscious logo) people buy the doe-eyed Prius. Then as you lock ‘em up in a room with no one to judge, they turn into me… a shameless consumer of pretentious luxury. The heated steering wheel. The baby seal skin leather seats. Plumes of toxic exhaust from a rumbling engine. Sickeningly delicious cheeseburgers in non-biodegradable containers.

Oh yes. We consumers are a dastardly lot.

And for the same reason, this is why clothes and other products with big, blatant logos sell better than those with more concealed identities:

Louis Vuitton’s classic “LV” on their bags. Abercrombie & Fitch’s garish tags. Polo Ralph Lauren’s pony. Apple’s glowing chrome apple.

People seek out the brands that best display their own particular set of personality traits. Regardless of what “flavor of the month” personality analysis books you may have read (not your fault, publishers barf up more of them than any sane person can handle), all human traits can be summed up as a measure of these 6 characteristics:

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Weird Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions

I was in the mall yesterday when a sterile female voice echoed through the PA:

“…And remember, please drive home safely. We want you to be our customer for a long time, so we do care about your safety,” she ended suddenly chipper,“Thank you!”

At first blush the recorded fembot’s words would fly over my head, barely noticed among a sea of commercial background noise. But this time, for whatever reason, I paid attention… and could scarcely believe what I’d just heard.

She might as well have said:

“…And remember, get back to work soon. We want to suck as much value out of your pathetic average lifespan of 78 years as possible. That’s our logical justification for your safety. Thank you!”

A month ago, I turned 27 years old… am I really getting this cynical already? Geezus, what would I be like as an old man? Or am I finally waking up to some sort of Matrix-like Truth?

Or maybe… I just think too damn much.

Whatever the case, my sleepwalk was disturbed and what I discovered gnawed on my mind. As a marketer, if I’m trained to keep an eagle eye on these hidden forces that direct our thoughts every day and many still fly right over my head… what must it be like for the average person to whom these messages are aimed?

Damn.

Subtle influences are all around us. In the next couple posts, I’ll share some of the most useful and interesting I’ve discovered during the past few months.

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46 Persuasion Tricks

persuasionHave you ever read a great book that could’ve been written with the same amount of punch (or better) in only a few pages?

I run across books like this all the time. Most of them are too wordy or take too long to cut to the heart of the matter.

Authors (especially mainstream authors who depend on large volume sales via Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, Borders, airports, etc.) usually fluff up their content by a couple hundred pages for 2 reasons:

1. To make themselves look smarter, more authoritative.

and…

2. Because most people (a.k.a. the mindless mainstream) don’t like to pay $30, $17, or even $12 for a 15 page book.

Hand the mainstream buyer a few power-packed pages loaded down with money-making meat they can fire up immediately and most will balk at the price. Nevermind whether those 15 pages are worth 200 times what you’re asking or not. They’d ship it back and pound their fists for a refund at once. Truth be damned.

Why?

Because in the hands of a loser, the Keys to the Kingdom are
just another set of keys collecting dust on a rusty ring.

One book I read recently did an unusually good job at keeping things pithy. It was a book on persuasion and any one of it’s lessons could net you some serious dough, and possibly even change your life forever.

(Aside: Hmm… there’s that oft-worn phrase “change your life” – we hear it so much these days it’s nearly lost all meaning. And when we do associate it, it’s usually with a positive thing like making more money or finding a lover. But what if I came over to your house right now where you’re sitting at your computer and chopped off your left foot? Would that “change your life” forever? Exactly. And what about the words that motivated me to do such a thing? Don’t underestimate the power of the persuasive word or the small change. People are irrational, yes. But predictably so.)

So here are…

46 Pithy Persuasion Tricks
(use them ethically, and… at your own risk!)

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Testing & Tracking Your Advertising: Website Metrics

This is core to your success, especially online where there’s no excuse not to track everything down to the penny.

You need to always be well aware what ad campaigns are pulling in the best return on your investment.

There are several key metrics to doing that:

Cost Per Lead – often, this means how much did you spend to get one name and e-mail address from one person? Let’s say you spent $100 to get search engine traffic to go to a certain page on your website designed to ask them for their name and e-mail address to sign up for your newsletter. Now let’s say that $100 brings 200 people to your site, which is a cost of 50 cents per click. Out of those 200 people, let’s say 10 of them decide to take you up on the offer, which is a conversion rate of 5%. In the situation I just described, your total Cost Per Lead would be $10 because you spent a total of $100 to get 10 signups.

Cost Per Sale – More important than Cost Per Lead is your Cost Per Sale. This is how much you had to spend to get someone to open their wallet and actually purchase something from you. Continuing from the example above, let’s say that out of those 10 newsletter subscribers, 4 of them end up buying your new book for $30 a piece – a conversion rate of 40%, which brings in a total revenue of $120. Since your newsletter was an e-mail that (for all intents and purposes) was free for you to send out, your only real expense here is the time it took for you to write the e-mails, your credit card processing fees, and of course the raw cost to produce the book. But let’s keep it simple and say that your cost in this case was simply $2 per book including shipping. Now you’ve still spent the $100 in advertising costs to get the 10 subscribers, and now you have an additional cost of $8 to fulfill the 4 books that were ordered. Your total investment so far was $108 and you managed to bring in $120, leaving you with a whopping $12 profit. Whoopty-doo, eh? Well, not quite. Because next let’s talk about…

Lifetime Customer Value – this is the most important metric of all. The reason why the above example isn’t too bad (and actually is pretty darn good) is because what if, out of those 4 new buyers, 2 of them go on to purchase your more expensive personal coaching program for $2000? That initial cost of $108 has now yielded several thousand dollars in revenue. I ask you: if there were an ATM machine you could go to and for every $108 you fed into it, it spit out $3500 to $4000 back – how many times would you feed it the $108? Now you can easily see how this changes the math considerably and why it’s a good idea to always take into account lifetime customer value before being too rash about your advertising expenditure. In fact, many businesses view the first sale as merely a cost of doing business and are more than happy to break even (or sometimes even lose money) on the front end in order to acquire more subscribers and customers, and make up for all the expense by marketing over and over to the same highly interested, highly qualified group of people.

So if you sell a front end product for $50, what’s the most you should be willing to pay to get a buyer and still be safe?

Answer: $50 (for simplicity’s sake, I’m ignoring costs like credit card transaction fees, etc… and besides, if you need to take such small things into account to be profitable, the venture’s not worth pursuing anyway)

Obviously we’ll always try to make as much of a profit as we can on the front end. But for the most part, think of your front end process as “buying a customer.” Because once you grab that name and address out of the ether, they’re yours to protect, nurture, and cultivate until they either buy, die, or tell you to stop communicating with them.

That’s how the game is played. And knowing your math is key to your survival and your success.

So you need ways of tracking ALL this stuff automatically.

First, this means installing web analytics software on your website. The one I use is the excellent Google Analytics, which is available at http://analytics.google.com for free. They give away what would normally be an expensive software package because they want to increase the number of likely advertisers on their Google Adwords search advertising system.

Second, this means setting up a Google Adwords account and also using their “Website Optimizer” software. This will allow you to test the conversion rates of different key pages on your site and compare the results to multiple versions of the same page so that you can drop the poor performers and continually improve the winners. You must always be constantly improving the conversion performance of your site. (Example: How might our hypothetical example above change if our front end conversion rate doubled and instead of 10 newsletter signups from $100, we now found a way to get 20? The profit numbers are staggering.)

But until now I’ve left out one important part of the profit equation: the source of the website visitor. Where did they come from? Different visitors coming to your website from different sources will behave completely differently and therefore give you wildly different numbers.

Sam coming to you from Google where he typed in “real estate investment course” is going to behave completely different from Mark who came from a banner ad on a gold bullion investment website, who will be different still from Harry who came in off of Yahoo because he typed in “investment advice.”

Each of these 3 guys came from different locations with different mindsets about investing and saw different versions of your ad copy (at least I hope so) before clicking. Getting each one of them to sign up for your investment newsletter is going to require a slightly different approach in what you say to them and how you say it. This probably means sending each one of them to 3 separate pages on your site, each having a different pitch to sign up for your free newsletter. Each mini-pitch will cater to a different set of beliefs and desires – maybe even make different promises of benefits.

This is only the beginning of how you need to think about your web marketing.

All of your keyword advertising needs to be tracked down to the exact phrase and the exact source. Your banner ads on other sites, your promotional e-mails you send out, your website’s most (and least) popular pages – everything – must be tracked so you can be continually improving what’s working, dropping what’s not working, and ignoring everything else.

Each day you’re not testing something new, your sales process gets a tad bit weaker and your business dies a tiny bit. You can go like that for awhile, but sooner or later, even the best ads tire out and even the best websites get old and stale. You’re either growing or you’re dying; there’s no middle ground.

Everything matters on your website; color matters, what you say and how you say it matters, your choice in graphics matter.

Examples of small tests done to different websites that dramatically improved sales:

1. Calling a group of your products “Best sellers” or calling them “Most popular”? Most people don’t like the idea of being “sold” and saying that something is popular implies that “if everybody else is doing it, it must be good” – so “most popular” won by a longshot.

2. On one of my websites, I labeled a section of things I didn’t want people to miss “Must Reads”, then later changed it to “Top Secret” – reading implies work and a lot of people don’t like to work. However, people do like to discover secrets and forbidden things, so Top Secret won by leaps and bounds. Also, you should know that “discovering” implies the answers are already there waiting for them, they merely have to open up the treasure chest and take a look. But learning and studying means lots of work.

3. Saying that a group of products “Start at $50” or are “As low as $50” – well, if something “starts at $50”, you can bet the price can only go up from there. But if its as low as $50, that just has a more pleasant ring to it. Easier on the wallet.

4. “Shop for lava lamps” or “catalog of lava lamps”? A “catalog of” something is passive and boring, while a lot of people associate shopping with a degree of fun and excitement. To shop is also an action verb, which helps too. Anytime you can give your visitor a direct command without sounding threatening is a good thing. (By the way, “shopping” is different than being “sold” something. The seller is in control of selling, while the buyer is in control when shopping. A very subtle but important distinction there.)

5. In one of my marketing pieces I tested calling my prospects “travelers” versus “tourists” – well, everybody knows that a “traveler” is a sophisticated citizen of the world; a person admired and respected by his peers… while a “tourist” waits in line at the claims office and gets mugged immediately after setting foot on the beach. Nobody wants to be a tourist.

6. I once tested the “Hacker Safe” logo versus the Better Business Bureau logo on one of my sites for credibility purposes. Now this was shocker; more than 51% of the site’s visitors responded more favorably to the Hacker Safe logo than the long established reputation of the BBB. When I examined further into this, I discovered something I hadn’t known before; in study after study, a surprising number of people in the United States really have no idea what the BBB is or what they do. On the other hand, with “Hacker Safe” you don’t even really have to know what they are in order to understand… it’s all right there in the name.

7. I’ve tested this on my order forms: big red ugly arrows next to my submit button or just the normal button and no arrows? Time after time, I’m learning that ugly has an appropriate time and place. In many cases, arrows improve conversion. Even different colors of arrows will yield varying results. Yellow and blue tends to make people more anxious and click, while red tends to stop them in their tracks and linger awhile. That’s why I often use a dark red in my headlines and blue and yellow order buttons with big ugly arrows pointing to them. Work a heckuva lot better with them than without.

8. Saying “We ship worldwide” on your site versus putting a string of little multi-national flags along the top? Yup, the flags increased conversion and stopped people from calling to ask “Hey do you guys ship to …” And yes, even though it says something very clearly on your site, you’ll still get people e-mailing and calling you asking about it anyway. That’s just how some people are.

9. Using audio and/or video on your site also usually increases conversion. Remember when doing audio or video that the same AIDA rules STILL apply. You need to use the audio and video to supplement your text sales message, not replace it entirely. Another clever use of video would be showing them exactly what will happen after they order. This gives them a “behind the scenes” look at things without making an up-front commitment.

10. Testimonials – use them often and sprinkle them everywhere you can. Make them as believable and “real” as possible. No “M.H. from Missouri” – say “Mark Hardy, construction worker from St. Louis, Missouri working for Hogan Construction. Then provide a picture, text of his testimonial and if possible even an audio clip of him expanding and elaborating on what the text portion says. Ideally, if you wanted the best kind of testimonial possible, you’d use a video of the guy speaking directly to the prospect via the camera about how great your product is and how much it helped him get over his back problems, make more money, etc etc.

11. Header graphics – always make sure the content of your website begins well “above the fold” (well within the dimensions of the computer screen) and as far up to the beginning of the page as possible. Where a lot of sites go wrong here is by having huge fancy “professional looking” header graphics that not only do not communicate value to the prospect, but also consume valuable website real estate that could be put to work for you in far better ways. On checkout processes, you need to get even more strict with this, sometimes eliminate the header graphic or navigation system of your site completely. Let nothing distract your visitor at the moment of truth when they’re about to give you their credit card number. While you’re at it, you need to remind your dear customer-to-be that her purchase today is protected by secure 128-bit military grade data encryption – the same kind sites like Amazon.com and eBay use. Actually, all sites use 128 bit encryption, but don’t count on your prospects to know that. Most people have no clue about that stuff.

12. Photos – I’ve talked about stock photography in a previous post, but it bears repeating in this one. My personal take is: don’t use it. Ever. Even if your alternative is badly lit, out of focus shots of relatively ugly people, my own personal tests have proven to me over and over again to always opt for highly realistic, believable photos over the clear, crisp “too perfect to be real” fakeness of stock. Not only is it cheaper for you to pull off, but it generates far more attention and commands unparalleled believability among your prospects. Highly realistic photography was my dirty little secret weapon as an eBay PowerSeller for years; while my competitors used stock photos from the manufacturer’s website, took my own photo of the machine running on my bedroom floor with a ruler in front to demonstrate the size of the product. As a result (and combined with a few other secrets), my listings got far more views and far more sales than any other guy selling the exact same product. I was believed and trusted. The others created doubt… and doubt kills a sale.

People buy for their own reasons. As marketers, it’s up to us to figure out what those reasons are, understand them, and then communicate how we provide the answer through our offering. Not everybody gets it right immediately and different appeals are needed for different people.

That’s why we must test. It is our duty to our customers to give them precisely what they want. And in doing so, we make them happier, and they make us happier by giving us more money more often.


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How To Make Your Job Sound More Interesting

Everyone, no matter what, should have an answer to the age-old question, “So, [your name], what do you do?”

Preferably a damn good one.

It’s the inevitable question that comes up at any social function. Yet for all its commonality, it’s incredibly rare for someone to have an uncommon answer.

“Me? Oh, I’m an engineer.”

“Oh, yeah, I’m a DJ down at the Juke Joint.”

“I’m a roofing contractor.”

“I’m a mortgage broker.”

Whatever.

The list goes on and on. We get asked this question all the time because it’s an established friendly sociable thing to do when getting to know new people. It’s accepted and expected, especially in today’s world where one’s job increasingly defines their life.

And even though you are in fact NOT your job (your job only defines a very small part of your life potential), it is still a socially smart use of your energy to think about what you REALLY do for a living, and then telling people about it when they throw you the old “So whaddya do?” line.

The effects of this technique are life-transforming… at least, socially. With your new answer to that question, immediately you’ll notice a change in how people perceive you. What was once dull and boring will burst with life into a new sense of identity and purpose. People will admire your passion and determination for endeavors that, under normal circumstances, would seem tedious and unfulfilling.

And best of all, you don’t have to be James Bond or Hugh Hefner to pull it off…

Here is what you do:

First, think about what you do for a living. Not your “title” or your “occupation”… none of that. Instead think about what you actually DO for people throughout the course of your day.

What service do you provide?

Dig deeper.

What benefits does this service provide to people?

Dig even deeper.

What emotional reaction do people have when they experience these benefits?

Deeper still, ultimately what will your service and these emotional benefits end up producing for people in the long-run? What meaning will it give to their lives that would not have existed otherwise?

“But Greg,” you whine, “I don’t do anything special like that. I’m just a [...insert name of supposedly boring profession here...]

You’re not thinking hard enough. I don’t care if you’re a computer programmer, a shelf-stocker at Wal-Mart, or some guy who tallies points on Bingo night at the old folks home, THIS CAN WORK FOR YOU.

As an example, a long time ago I used to tell people “Oh, I’m a copywriter.” Quickly I discovered most people have no idea what a “copywriter” actually is, let alone enough interest to delve any further into it. More often than not, they’d either just pretend to know what that was and move on to another topic, or they’d make some comment about copyrights and trademarks.

*SIGH*

“Hmm, ok, so ‘copywriter’ doesn’t work because no one knows what it is. So I’ll come up with something different,” I thought.

My change?

“I write ads.” or sometimes… “I write advertising.”

Yup, that’s what I do. “I write ads.”

This worked a little better, but still I could feel the boredom and, sometimes, disgust creep over their faces in short order. Very seldom would anyone outside the industry who wasn’t into “marketing” ask much else about it.

Another dead end. Back to the drawing board.

Then, one day I was reading “Breakthrough Advertising” by Eugene Schwartz, one of my personal heroes – not only in marketing but life in general. And it hit me – copywriting, the act of formulating words into a persuasive symphony of ideas for the purpose of motivating someone to buy something, change a belief, or whatever, was FAR more than merely “writing ads.”

Hell, I was doing the whole profession a disservice by summing it up like that. And by extension, I was robbing myself of much needed direction and purpose. I had grown jaded and needed something to attach to and believe in again.

So here was my first change. It went something like this:

“I’m a writer, but that’s only a small part of the story. One of the things I do is travel around to see different places and experts in different subjects, interview them, and then compile their knowledge into an easy-to-read, sometimes entertaining, book or report. Then I write the advertising that sells the book or report to the subscribers to my newsletter and also to a new set of people who have never heard of me before. Then I take those new people and they also become subscribers to my newsletter. I repeat this over and over with a lot of different subjects; basically anything that a particular group of people are desperate to learn or know about (like strange ways to cure a disease or how to avoid tax problems with the government, how to get the best deals on exotic travel, etc) Stuff like that.”

This got an immeasurably better reaction from just about anyone, most importantly of whom were attractive girls who were genuinely interested in me. This kind of answer only served to fuel the interest to greater levels.

But after reading Gene’s book, a new world opened up to me in this profession I only vaguely knew existed before:

The force that creates sales, that powers our present economy, is desire. Mass desire, spread among millions of men and women. And the art of salesmanship, fundamentally and primarily, is expanding this desire. Expanding it horizontally, among more and more people.. and expanding it vertically, by sharpening and magnifying it – by building it to such a pitch, it overcomes the obstacles of skepticism, lethargy, and price… and results in a sale.

As John E. Kennedy and later Claude Hopkins famously said, “Advertising is salesmanship in print.” Therefore, above everything else, advertising is the literature of desire. It is society’s encyclopedia of dreams… our modern-day Book Of Wishes. Advertising gives form and content to desire. It provides it with a goal.

These desires, as they exist in the mind of the prospect before the ad, are indistinct. They are blurs – hazy, ambiguous, not yet crystallized into words or images. In most cases, they are simply vague emotions, without compulsion or direction. And as such, they have only a fraction of their true potential power.

Because of this, MY JOB IS TO FILL OUT THOSE VAGUE DESIRES WITH CONCRETE IMAGES – to show the prospect every possible way they can be fulfilled – to multiply their strength by the number of satisfactions I can suggest to achieve them. I am literally a script writer for human dreams. I am the chronicler of an individual man or woman’s future. My job is to show them in minute detail all the tomorrows that are possible… if only they purchase my product.

In fact, if I don’t sell and present all the benefits and emotional realizations WITH ALL MY MIGHT… I am doing my ad’s readers a huge disservice.

This is the core of advertising – its fundamental function. To take unformulated desire, and translate it into one vivid scene of fulfillment after another. To add the appeal of concrete satisfaction after satisfaction to the basic drive of that desire. To make sure the reader realizes everything he is getting – everything he is now leaving behind – everything he may be missing.

The sharper I can draw these pictures (using words and the occasional image) – and the greater the number of them I can legitimately present – the more the reader will demand the product, and the less important the price will seem.

This is what I do for a living. This is the purpose of my job. And it sure feels a helluva lot better than saying “I’m a copywriter” or “I write ads.”

In fact, one time I even came up with this:

I want you to imagine you are at a very high class cocktail party in the city. And a gorgeous young woman is there who is being courted by almost every man at the party. Each of them chat her up to the best of their ability. They are all trying to figure out what appeal they could use to attract her to them so they could establish a relationship with her.

One guy talks about his show business connections and how he could get her jobs as an actress in several different movies.

Another guy tells her that he represents models and she is so beautiful if they worked together, he could almost assure her she would be on the cover of almost every popular magazine in America.

Several other guys try to impress her with how much money they have. They talk about the companies they own, the yachts they have as play toys, the Ferraris, Lamborginies and Rolls Royces they drive, and how their wealth is so obscene, they and anybody connected with them, will never again have to worry about anything to do with money.

A couple guys are just drop-dead good looking and they try to attract her with their wit, good looks and animal magnetism.

None of this seems to work on her very well.

Then a youngish, somewhat average man walks over to her and whispers a few words in her ear. Her face brightens with a 1,000 megawatt smile she says, “Yeah! Let’s do it!” and she gets up and walks out of that party arm-in-arm with that lucky man.

What did he say to her? Well, that’s sort of what my job is like when I’m writing an ad…I have to know exactly what to say and only have a limited amount of space (usually) in which to say it. So it has to be good, or none of it will work.

What you need to do is get deep inside the matter, and figure out what it is you’re really giving to the world. What is your role? How do your actions ripple outward and affect the lives of other people?

Maybe the computer programmer works for the government. Perhaps in aeronautics. Forget your function. Think about your benefit in a new and interesting way. Now the phrase “I’m a computer programmer” can become “I work with the government on the stealth bomber project.”

Now the phrase “I’m stock shelves at Wal-Mart” can become “I make sure people can always get the food they want. That Hot Pocket you’re eating right there? That’s all me.” (that line’s good for a laugh in a group)

And even my somewhat silly example of the Bingo hall score counter can transform into “I help elderly people have fun and get more out of their time every Wednesday night.” (go for the “aww” reaction)

Ok, you get the idea. It’s all about perception. And perception is reality. You just gotta give it some thought!

Do it right now with your own job, really think about it… and then try it out the next time someone asks you “So, what do you do?”

When you hit it just right, you’ll be amazed how people react to you, now and for the rest of your life.

P.S. So exactly what DID that guy say to the beautiful woman?? Well, as it turns out, he knew something about her no one else at the party knew; the fact she was a coke addict. Knowing this, all he had to do was walk up to her, whisper something like “Hey, I got some really great smack outside in my car, wanna come?” And boom, she was there.

P.P.S. Ok, so  realize that maybe wasn’t the fairy-tale answer you had hoped for. But hey, c’mon, it’s a fictional story and its purpose was instructive. Besides, these things really do happen in real life. So get over it :)


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